Is your laptop installed with Windows 8/8.1?
First do a System Restore to a previous known good point (at least 48hrs before the update happened):
See "Restore your computer when Windows 8 cannot start normally" section in this -
http://support.hp.com/us-en/document/c03327545
Next change "automatic" Windows Update from Control Panel to "To Check for Updates Automatically but Let you Choose to Download and Install them or Not" :
http://www.eightforums.com/tutorials/5794-windows-update-automatic-updating-turn-off-windows-8-a.html
May be the Microsoft Tuesday update patches is causing the problem.
Next to rule out any hard drive issues causing this, Do a complete - quick & extensive hard drive testing from BIOS :
http://support.hp.com/us-en/document/c03467259
Wait for all the tests to complete. It'll take time.
If it PASS all the tests,
Next: execute a System file scan - Option 2 in this tutorial:
http://www.eightforums.com/tutorials/3047-sfc-scannow-command-run-windows-8-a.html
Restart system.
Then, execute dism commands given in Option 1 in this tutorial:
http://www.eightforums.com/tutorials/26512-dism-fixing-component-store-corruption-windows-8-a.html
Restart system.
Now, Completely disable/uninstall all the Antivirus softwares including Windows Defender from your system temporarily
Now you manually install available Windows updates in batches of 5 or less instead of everything as a whole.
Restart system after each batch installs.
Install the Important & Recommended updates.
You can leave any optional updates that becomes available in your Windows Update without any worries.
Restart system after everything finishes. Check.
Regards
Visruth